Black Gold Coffe

Black Gold Coffe

·        Background Cash

Black Gold follows the story of Tadesse Meskela, head of Oromia Coffee Farmers’ Union, an Ethiopian  Co-operative which is trying to get a fair price for the  coffee  produced by its members. This is a recent problem. Before  the  early 1990s, the  International Coffee Organisation made sure that farmers  received a fair price for their coffee. But after the US left the ICO in 1993,  coffee prices were  set  by the  New  York Board  of Trade. They went  too  low, with the  result  that  large coffee companies got rich while many coffee  farmers  in developing countries grew  poor.  The World Trade Organisation talks in Mexico in 2003 were  supposed to help  solve this problem but ended in failure. After this, Tadesse realized  that  the  only way to help  his farmers  was  through the Fair Trade Movement. They would   sell  coffee  to  companies willing to pay a fair price  which  would  then  allow  them to use the  Fair Trade logo on their products..

·        Problem ?

appears and the release of the film directly contrary because in contrast to the conditions experienced by the coffee farmers and families in Ethiopia ?

·        Theory 

Kartel theori is Cartel is a group that aims to establish an independent producer prices, to limit supply and competition. cartel is done by businesses in order to gain market power. This market power allows them adjust product prices by limiting the availability of goods in the market.

 

-. a commodity trading floor in New York City, where the "C" international benchmark price of coffee is set each business day based on supply and demand, and explores the effects that these international prices (which by 2006 were at an all-time low) have on Ethiopian coffee growers. Other footage was shot at the first Starbucks and the World Barista Championship at the 2005 Specialty Coffee Association of America conference in Seattle; and at a café and the Illy coffee company in Trieste, Italy.

·        Conclusion

Tadesse realized  that  the  only way to help  his farmers  was  through the Fair Trade Movement. They would   sell  coffee  to  companies willing to pay a fair price  which  would  then  allow  them to use the  Fair Trade logo on their products.

The story follows Tadesse’s  attempts to develop business with coffee companies willing to work outside the New York market. In Trieste, London and  Seattle,  he is successful and  is soon  able to start paying his farmers  a small profit which they put towards building  a school.  During  the  story, the  reader discovers  many interesting facts about coffee  and  the  lives of Ethiopia’s coffee farmers.  It ends on a hopeful note  and  a reminder to all coffee drinkers  to ‘’think before you drink’’.

The Financial Collapse Drama of Enron

The Financial Collapse Drama of Enron

Background Cash

Enron Corporation was an American energy company based in Houston, Texas, United States. Enron employed approximately 21,000 employees and is one of the world's leading companies in the field of electricity, natural gas, pulp and paper, and communications. Enron claimed to income in 2000 totaled $ 101 billion. Fortune named Enron "America's Most Innovative Company" for six consecutive years. Enron Corp. is a "skyscraper" in the American business world, just like the World Trade Center. Similar WTC tragedy, but minus the blood and death, Enron evaporate into dust when the company declared bankruptcy on December 2, the largest bankruptcy of in American business history of all time.

Enron still exist today and operates a handful of important assets and making preparations for the sale or spin - off the remains of his business. Enron emerged from bankruptcy in November 2004 after one of the biggest cases and most complex bankruptcy in U.S. history. Since then, Enron became a popular emblem of corporate fraud and corruption committed intentionally.

Enron scandal not only about the episode when  the  company  suddenly fall. But, also the mystery of how he became a giant sticking meteoric.  And this is a part of the more frightening because it involves political and economic aspects of the broader, not just the financial sector.  Law suits against the directors of Enron, after the scandal, is distinctive for its directors resolve the lawsuit by paying a huge sum of money personally.

Problem

Questions will be asked investigators to executives at Arthur Andersen, public accounting firms that check Enron's financial statements. How could they to missed over the years?

Theory

CPA Journal ?

CPAs attest to the reasonableness of disclosures, the freedom from material misstatement, and the adherence to the applicable generally accepted accountinprig nciples (GAAP) in financial statements.

-. LJM2 and the Raptors were not controlled by an independent party that possessed the substantial risks and rewards of ownership. Therefore, these entities were, in substance, part of Enron, and should have been consolidated into Enron’s own financial statements. Any gains or losses recorded by Enron, including the hedge transactions described above, should have been eliminated from Enron’s financial statements. The equity shares of Fastow and other partners should have been accounted for as minority interest holdings. Furthermore, Enron management should have provided greater detail about the related-party transactions with Fastow, including the specific amounts of transactions recorded, and the nature of any specific guarantees made to Fastow and other equity holders.

Conclusion

the existence of systematic rules both sides between public accounting firm for Enron to enrich the company with giving false reports

Name : Jusuf Hamanu Sukaton

125610514008 - 8

H-1B VISAS: A HIGH-TECH DILEMMA

Name : Jusuf Hamanu Sukaton

125610514008 - 8

English for International Business and Trad

H-1B VISAS: A HIGH-TECH DILEMMA

Bachground Case

Traditional wisdom dictates that some work is so labor-intensive and poorly compensated that it can only be performed by desperate foreigners with limited options. However, there is another aspect of the immigration debate that generates no less controversy but receives far less public scrutiny. The H- 1B temporary worker visa program has long been a thorn in the side of U.S. companies looking to attract highly skilled foreign labor. The high-tech industry has been particularly impacted and has sought to liberalize the rules and regulations governing H-1B. Opponents of the program have characterized its current form as the present-day version of indentured servitude. Some domestic labor groups have argued that temporary workers are an unnecessary evil that depresses wages and takes American jobs away from Americans.

The H-1B is a visa program that allows foreign individuals with highly specialized knowledge and skills to work in the United States for a maximum of six years. It was initiated in the 1950s to attract mathematicians, physicists, and engineers from behind the Iron Curtain. H1-B has undergone many revisions since its inception. However, it has not been able to keep pace with the changing needs of American employers. This is best illustrated by the information technology sector, where historically robust labor demand is projected to grow by approximately 40 percent by 2016. The industry’s growth long ago outpaced the domestic supply of skilled workers, leaving IT companies to navigate the murky waters of securing H-1B visas for qualified foreigners.

Problem

·         The public face of the immigration debate in the United States has typically revolved around illegal workers filling low-wage/low-skill jobs ?

Theory

1.      Comparative Advantage Theory) : a country can trade although it has a comparative advantage or relative efficiency. This principle explains each country can gain from trade by exporting goods or services which are the greatest comparative advantage and import of goods or services that are not a comparative advantage.

-. The H1-B program is designed to increase the supply of skilled workers, and hence reduces wages for the most affected occupations. Companies are able to secure lower paid labor, which reduces costs and increases the overall economy’s profit potential.

2.      Teori paradoks leontief : Leontief paradox theory is the inverse of the HO theory which states that U.S. exports will consist of the goods that capital intensive and the reverse the import will consist of goods that are labor intensive

-. of the potential impact of an aging workforce is the healthcare industry, which is already grappling with persistent labor shortages. The average nurse in the United States is 42 years old. Once the baby-boomers retire, replacing them will be difficult without the help of qualified foreign workers. Another important concern is the decline in domestic workforce readiness, as graduation rates for the nation’s colleges and universities have been steadily declining. In 2002, 51 percent of college students graduated within five years of initial enrollment, compared to a rate of 55 percent in 1988. Analysts are predicting that the next decade will result in a 33 percent shortfall in graduates of four-year or higher degree programs.

Conclusion

In order to meet the growing needs of many of its industries, such as information technology and healthcare, the United States would have to completely reevaluate its immigration philosophy. Similar to the ‘‘Arms Race’’ and ‘‘Space Race’’ of the not-so-distant past, the global economic future likely holds an equally challenging and important ‘‘Brain Race.’’ The ability to attract and retain skilled foreign workers in key developing industries should not be taken for granted, but fostered through functional immigration policies and incentives. On the domestic front, the knowledge base needs to be expanded through increased investment in education and industry-specific career development. Some have suggested that the market might evolve its own measures to combat employment shortages.